Ancient Egypt An Ancient Civilization - 1523 Words

Ancient Egypt, an ancient civilization known today as one of the world’s greatest, would last over 3000 years thanks to the many Egyptians contributing to its success. One such Egyptian was the Pharaoh, Akhenaton. Born to King Amenhotep III, Akhenaton ascended to the throne at around 1353 BCE . He was also known as Amenhotep IV, but would later change his name to Akhenaton in order to worship the god â€Å"Aton† . Akhenaton may be considered one of the most important figures in Egyptian history seeing that in the seventeen years he ruled , Akhenaton was a very unorthodox, innovative individual, who did not follow the conventional ideas the ancient Egyptians held at the time. This could be seen through his creation of a new city, his artistic innovations, and his beginning of the religious revolution. One innovative idea that Akhenaton carried out was during his 5th year of ruling , where he created the new capital city named â€Å"Akhetaton†, meaning â€Å"The Horizon of the Aton†. The city is commonly known today as â€Å"Amarna† or â€Å"El-Amarna.† The city was located approximately 200 kilometers from Cairo, west of the River Nile , in modern day Minya. The purpose of the new city was to serve as a new home for Aton and Akhenaton, as the city would be free of people who opposed his ideas . The city consisted of two significant buildings – â€Å"The Great Aton Temple† and â€Å"The Small Aton Temple.† These temples displayed Akhenaton’s different views on Ancient Egyptian architecture and hisShow MoreRelatedAncient Egypt : An Ancient Civilization1853 Words   |  8 Pagesapart of an ancient civilization? Well, if I had to chose an ancient civilization to be apart of I’d chose the Egypt (Nile) because of it’s great economic standards and it’s interesting culture and religion. In Egypt they had great agriculture resources, festivals, and lots of different customs an d beliefs. This all sounds interesting right? Well, if you want to know more, keep reading! What was Egypt’s economy based on exactly? You’ve heard of the Nile River right? Well, in ancient Egypt they reliedRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Civilizations1302 Words   |  6 PagesAs seen throughout time, one of the chief concerns of all ancient civilizations was to maintain order and stability. Civilizations such as ancient Egypt, ancient Rome and even the ancient Babylonian societies all set forth an effort to maintain stability. Influencing forces on this stability were religious, political and even geographical. I’ve noticed that many civilizations flourish for hundreds of years only to fall or be taken over by the next generation. Some cities today are remnants of theseRead MoreAncient Egypt Civilization : Ancient And Modern Egypt968 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient and Modern Egypt There are some countries that have a large civilization, but how many countries have had a successful civilization throughout its existence? 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From the great pyramids of the military conquests of the New Kingdom, Egypt’s majesty has long entranced archaeologists and historians and created a vibrantRead MoreAncient Egypt And The Egyptian Civilization951 Words   |  4 Pages3400 BC, the rise of the civilization along the Nile river began what we know today as the reign of Egypt. As one of humanity s oldest civilizations, Ancient Egypt was responsible for the amalgamate out of the smaller cultures found along the Nile River and into the Nile Valley civilization, developing into the three stages of kingdoms over time. The Egyptians or the Nile Valley civilization got its name due to the proximity of the river Nil e in Egypt. Rivers of the ancient world were vital to mankindRead MoreAncient Egypt And The Egyptian Civilization902 Words   |  4 PagesWhen we think of ancient civilizations the first one that normally stands out is Ancient Egypt. The Egyptians were one of the very few that arose to civilization independently, and accomplished many impressive things along the way. The Egyptian civilization stretched along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeastern Africa. Religion was at the core of everything that the Egyptians were and they stood firm for what they believed in. Their religion was based on polytheism, which was the beliefRead MoreAncient Egypt : The World Civilizations Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Civilizations I Mr. Shows 7 November 2016 Ancient Egypt Multiple factors go into account when considering that Ancient Egypt is one of the best civilizations of all time. First, the location of Egypt allowed it to prosper; second, the culture was one that the world hadn’t seen until then; third, the architecture that took place baffles scientists to this day; and lastly the impact it had on modern culture. Egypt is located in a prime location for civilization to spring up. Egypt possessed

Dividing Points in Czechoslovakia - 1728 Words

Communism in East-Central countries has tried to weaken religiosity. Religious repression and harassment under the Communist authorities have been greatly affecting people beliefs. The Roman Catholic Church was another dividing point of Czechoslovakia, between two republics. Slovakians advocated closer connection to religion than Czechs did. However, the story goes back in the history of 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, when there have been major revolutionary wars fighting for religion that formed foundations of both republics that affected later on the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The fall of Communism regime, once more affirmed and exposed both republics’ religious identities. Czechs identified themselves less likely as religious than Slovaks, where majority-more than half disclosed themselves as religious. Both Czech Republic and Slovakia have been marked with many nationalistic and religious movements, Czech Republic adopting Protestantism and Slovaks following Catholic ism. The differences in religion have influenced the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993. Back in the history-The Czech Republic The Czech Republic in the fifteenth century has been involved in conflicts between the Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church. In the beginning of the century, Jan Hus started out a reform movement, who was a religious reformer, significant public and political figure for Czechs. In 1401, he became a priest and afterwards appointed as the preacher in the BethlehemShow MoreRelatedEssay on Tension and Suspicion Between U.S. and Russia1310 Words   |  6 Pagesto everyone, especially Stalin who was not prepared for it. According to Churchill, it was the turning point of the war. This turn on Stalin seemed like a great thing, if the Soviet Union hadn’t collapsed so quickly. With the fear of the Soviet Union’s surrender, Churchill and Roosevelt secretly met in the historic Atlantic Conference in August 1941. 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It is an inhibitor of DNA methylation and was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in May 2004. MDS are diseases caused by abnormalities in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow, which result in low production of healthy blood cells. Cytotoxic effect is exerted on rapidly dividing cancerous cells by the drug. This restores the normal functionRead MoreJerusalem : The City Of Peace1376 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial meaning: The City of Peace. Once ago in this place, according to the Hebrew Bible (The Tanakh), the Temple of Solomon was built. According to the Muslim Bible (The Quran), also the location of the Dome of the Rock. From the Christian point of view and The Bible, It was once the place where the t rial, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus took place. This series of religious events have brought up along with it a conflict in between Middle Eastern Countries for more than 50 years longRead MoreThe War Of World War II1640 Words   |  7 Pagesmid-1930s, he began the rearmament of Germany, secretly and in violation of the Versailles Treaty. After signing alliances with Italy and Japan against the Soviet Union, Hitler sent troops to occupy Austria in 1938 and the following year annexed Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s open aggression went unchecked, as the United States and Soviet Union were concentrated on internal politics at the time, and neither France nor Britain (the two other nations most devastated by the Great War) were eager for confrontationRead MoreThe Impact Of World War On The World1808 Words   |  8 PagesHowever, a year after the first World War ended, Germany came to an agreement with the Allied powers and formed The Treaty of Versailles which changed Europe ’s Geography tremendously. Poland and Russia gained some of Germany’s territory, while Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, and the northern portion of Yugoslavia became official countries. After World War 1, some Eastern European nations were able to establish themselves as independent countries while others remained dominated by dictatorship.Read MoreThe Holocaust Of Schindler And Francisca Nee Luser1045 Words   |  5 PagesOskar Schindler saved thousands of Jewish people from the horrible tragedy that was the Holocaust. Some would say, at one point in Schindler s life, he was an aryan man with no financial problems whatsoever. Schindler was truly a brave man that sacrificed his life for many others. Schindler simply saved others out of the goodness from his heart. â€Å"Oskar Schindler (1908-1974) was born on April 28, 1908, in Svitavy (Zwittau), Moravia, at that time a province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy† (HolocaustRead MoreThe Holocaust Of Schindler And Francisca Nee Luser1045 Words   |  5 PagesOskar Schindler saved thousands of Jewish people from the horrible tragedy that was the Holocaust. Some would say, at one point in Schindler s life, h e was an aryan man with no financial problems whatsoever. Schindler was truly a brave man that sacrificed his life for many others. Schindler simply saved others out of the goodness from his heart. â€Å"Oskar Schindler (1908-1974) was born on April 28, 1908, in Svitavy (Zwittau), Moravia, at that time a province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy† (HolocaustRead MoreWhy the United States got Involved in World War II Essay1807 Words   |  8 Pagesto the start of World War II, that led to the USs entrance into W.W.II, and events that helped bring an end to W.W.II. The failure of the Geneva Peace conference, Hitlers annexation of Austria, the Spanish Civil War, Hitlers acquisition of Czechoslovakia, the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Germanys invasion of Poland, and the fall of France all contributed greatly to the start of World War II. Some events that contributed to the entrance of the US into the war were Italys invasion on EthiopiaRead MoreWorld War II : The Great War 1334 Words   |  6 Pagesto which Great Britain and France had guaranteed military support if it was attacked by Germany. 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Subway Restaurants free essay sample

Secondary data investigates past research undertaken in customer satisfaction surveys and the market position of Subway in relation to its major competitors. The purpose of the study is also revealed here with the objectives and the usefulness that the findings will serve. The analysis then details the methods used to carry out the research process. The use of selfadministered surveys and the exploratory research undertaken is documented including the use of focus groups and reverse engineering. The conceptual diagram is also contained here which formed the basis of the research instrument. Consideration of the research instrument is then documented. The scales used and pre-testing are both examined in this section. The Sampling analysis addresses the key influencing factors in the selection of the sample. The selection of the population size of 228, above the minimum of 200 required for the research to be valid, is detailed as are the limitations encountered to complete the project. A description of the data obtained is found in the Results and Analysis section. Research findings by the Better Health Channel (cited in Subway research contained in Appendix One) revealed that obesity is now a major societal issue with rates of obesity/overweight people rising from 52% of adult males in 1998 to 68% in 2000. The corresponding figures for females told a similar story with an increase from 36% to 53% for the same time frame. Inferences were made that fatty, unhealthy food was no longer acceptable and that competitors were beginning to move in on Subway’s territory. Traditionally, the fast food industry has been associated with the cause of this health-related issue (Boyle 2004). Major fast food companies have been called to Federal Government summits to improve the quality of junk food (Wright 2007). While most of these major companies have now taken steps to offer an alternative healthier menu, Subway has long been establishing itself as the market leader in this area. Marketing champions, â€Å"eat fresh† and â€Å"Under 6 Subs†, as well as the endorsement by newfound celebrity Jared Fogle, are examples of standing itself out from the rest. Hence it is no surprise to see Subway’s timely response to this global demand for healthy fast food has seen itself soar with success. The consumer’s perception of low-fat, healthy food is related to a perception of a higher quality product (Boyle 2004). Nevertheless, much cynicisms and criticism is raised against the â€Å"healthy fast food† proposition. For example, the alternative low-fat menus or healthy menus offered is simply a marketing exercise to improve the perception of the restaurant food, even though the items offered in the â€Å"healthy menu† are likely to be poor sellers, or even higher quality does not mean healthier and better nutrition. CBS 3 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway The above issues are still current and ongoing debates. Our satisfaction survey focuses on customer satisfaction on service quality. In particular, personal service and service setting (Gilbert et al 2004). A satisfaction survey does not cover the scope of whether the consumption of Subway has resulted in customer weight loss. Secondary Research Findings Customer satisfaction surveys have shown that 50 percent of customers who have a problem with a product or service are not likely to tell the company about it. Nine out of these ten ‘silent’ critics will probably take their future business to a competitor. When a customer does complain, half of them will not be thoroughly satisfied with the company’s efforts to solve the problem. Additionally, dissatisfied customers typically tell as many as 16 other people when they have had an unsatisfactory experience with a company (TARP, cited in Seidman 2001). Paramount to long term business success is service quality, which can be measured by customer satisfaction. Gilbert et al (2004) claim that when customers are highly satisfied, â€Å"they will keep returning and will keep the business growing†. But how do we measure customer satisfaction? Quality is what the customer says it is and when measuring service quality, you must deal with how customers think, feel and behave (Webster Hung 1994). Generally speaking, if performance exceeds expectation, a customer will experience positive confirmation and be satisfied. However, if expectations exceed performance, negative disconfirmation results and a consumer is dissatisfied. Furthermore, if dissatisfaction is attributable to the company, then this dissatisfaction is magnified (Seidman 2001). Parasuraman et al (cited in Saleh Ryan 1991) identified ten factors of expressive service: reliability, responsiveness, competence, access, courtesy, communication, credibility, security, knowledge/understanding and tangibles. They later reduced this to five combining communication, credibility, security, competence and courtesy to become assurance and creating empathy by combining knowledge/understanding with accessibility (Saleh Ryan 1991). The gap between the consumers’ perception of the service quality received and the standard expected is the fifth gap identified by Parasuraman et al (cited in Johns 1993). Johns (1993) also identifies this as the true measure of service quality. CBS 4 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway The result, SERVQUAL, has proved to be a popular research tool and has been applied to a variety of sectors (Thwaites 1999). SERVQUAL is a 22-item questionnaire intended to measure the difference between customers expectations of a service and their perceptions of the service and was designed to measure service quality in a variety of service settings (Webster Hung 1994). Administered in a before and after setting, the SERVQUAL user would ask guests to complete the ‘expectations’ portion of the instrument before and the ‘perception’ element after their exposure to the service – the difference between the scores represents the gap in service quality provision (Webster Hung 1994). Although SERVQUAL is considered a useful research tool, Seidman’s research (2001) questioned the validity of the instrument when applied to the fast food industry. The paper by Gilbert et al (2004) identified a variety of methods and approaches that can be used as a tool to measure customer satisfaction: expectancy-disconfirmation approach, performance-only approach, technical and functional dichotomy approaches, service quality versus service satisfaction approach and attribute importance approach. These methods are said to be excessively complicated and impractical but are used by the American and European Satisfaction Indexes (ACSI and ECSI) in all of their measurements schemes (Gilbert et al 2004). Since our project involves customer satisfaction, we can also use or refer to some of these methods when designing our own research to a much smaller scale. The paper stated that the ‘performance-only approach’ was best used in measuring customer satisfaction in the fast food industry. This approach is considered to be a more satisfactory method because it measures â€Å"service eatures related to transitional-specific service satisfaction – both the technical and functional† (Gilbert et al 2004). It measures satisfaction with personal service (SatPers), and satisfaction within a service setting (SatSett), immediately after the service experience. It is more reliable and valid compared to the other approaches. CBS 5 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway Customer satisfaction survey data can be easily and economically obtained at the outlets immediately after the service experience. It also provides real time and practical measurements that aids manager to assess service quality. Research objectives, methodology, factorial findings and empirical inference have also been outlined in the article to help establish common measures of the SatPers SatSett. This can be deployed by different franchise stores, enabling the individual store managers to gauge service quality on a real-time basis. Nevertheless, there remains a need for periodic reassessment and continuous improvement so as to achieve customer retention as well as attracting new customers. For the data collection of Gilbert et al (2004) study, the Customer Satisfaction Survey fivepoint Likert rating scale was used. They also used a multiple option, polar adjective type tool to increase the power of measurement (Gilbert et al 2004). During data gathering, they used the sampling method in the selection of fast food establishments from within the areas they were conducting the survey. The research paper by Gilbert et al (2004) can guide our group on which methods to use or to avoid when measuring customer satisfaction. It also ays out the important variables that can measure a customers satisfaction, (e. g. provider courtesy, timely service, convenient operating hours) which we can also apply in our concept diagram. The article titled ‘Sandwich’ (Restaurants Institutions 2006) provides a detailed profile of market research conducted in the USA concerning customer satisfaction with various sandwich chains. Although the survey conducted appears to be fairly ba sic, the fact that it specifically deals with sandwich chain outlets renders it particularly pertinent to our own project. Specifically, the section that describes the numerous variables tested by the survey provides us with the opportunity to compare and possibly augment the various factors assessed by our own questionnaire. However, upon critical examination, the survey does not appear to offer any novel ideas with regards to variables, and tests only the obvious attributes of ‘food quality, cleanliness, value, service, menu variety, convenience, reputation and atmosphere’. It may be concluded that the research conducted was not particularly intensive or customised to sandwich chains particularly, and simply fulfilled the basic requirements of a satisfaction poll of fast food sandwich customers. CBS 6 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway The article also presents comments made by the President of the sandwich chain ‘Panera’ that achieved the highest overall score. The President’s remarks may be considered useful in that they provide an interpretation of the survey results from a management perspective. However, they also demonstrate the importance of testing all possible variables in order to be able to draw informed conclusions from the research. The President reveals that ‘Panera’ regularly anticipates consumer needs and seeks to provide extras such as in-house internet services to engender customer satisfaction, and attributes a large measure of the chain’s success to these innovations. These specific factors of technology and innovation appear to be untested by the project makes relying on the President’s comments problematic, and indicates that to make market research successful, care must be taken to include all relevant variables. The survey results offer no indication of whether the availability of the internet is important to customers, and its usefulness to Panera in evaluating the success of their innovations is undermined. However, the President also emphasises the importance of good service and friendly, intelligent staff to the success of a sandwich retailer, a statement confirmed by the survey in which Panera scored highest in the service category. It may be concluded from this article that the importance of testing all significant variables is paramount, in order to ensure that market research may be successfully applied by retailers. Results from extensive research conducted for Australian and New Zealand Subway Restaurants is contained in Appendix One. McDonald’s was by far identified as the market leader with a market share of 37%. Subway came in fourth with 8% behind KFC (17%) and Hungry Jacks (9%) however by 2005 had the highest number of stores registering an increase from just under 200 in 1998 to nearly 850 in 2005 – the most significant increase of all fast food restaurants. Although top-of-mind brand awareness remained low at eight percent, an increase of only one percent from the previous year, unaided awareness was still strong at 61%, only behind KFC with 67%. Unaided awareness was also higher for Subway in Australia than in New Zealand – 71% opposed to 62%. Television advertisement awareness increased from 48% to 51% in Australia to now be on a par with New Zealand. Only McDonald’s registered higher awareness in Australia with 66% – eight percent down on the previous year. Consumers liked the Subway advertisements mainly because they like their products and sandwiches however only thirteen percent found CBS 7 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway it relevant to them. Most 35-54 year-olds did not dislike Subway advertisements however nearly six in ten of the total sample did dislike their advertisements. An anomaly appears though in visitation in the past four weeks from those that have frequented Subway restaurants in the last three months where it is significantly higher with 18-24 year-olds (67%) than it is with 35-54 year-olds (55%). Maybe more interesting is that the 35-54 year-old figure is down nine percent on the previous year. The figures relating to those aware of the brand and visitation in the past three months was comparable. McDonald’s market position was further exemplified in that 57% of respondents that had visited a fast food restaurant in the past three months had been to McDonald’s. KFC ranked second with 43% and were the only corporation in the top five to experience growth from the previous year. Subway were next with just over one-third. Whilst both the 25-34 and 35-54 age groups decreased, the 18-24 year-olds experienced a seven percent growth – the most of any age range in the top three. McDonald’s dropped eleven percent in the same age bracket. The frequency of visits to Subway Restaurants remained stable over the twelve month period at 2. 65 times in the past month – an increase of 0. 3. McDonald’s again was the highest with 3. 64 visits in the last month with KFC ranked third behind Subway at 2. 55. The main reason for Australians not visiting a Subway Restaurant in the past four weeks was because it had not entered their minds (34%). 26% of respondents indicated that Subway was too expensive or the restaurant locations were not convenient to them. When asked about to think about their impressions of fast food restaurants, whether theyve eaten at them or not, the categories of customised, food made fresh, low fat, nutritious food and tastes good all declined for Subway and increased for McDonald’s. McDonald’s also came across as stronger on ease of locations and child friendly. The data obtained through Subway allowed the researcher’s to gain an insight into the type of research already undertaken and was a useful reference tool when ascertaining target markets especially in terms of age. It also identified areas that we did not need to examine given that this research had been undertaken comprehensively by a reputable market research company. CBS 8 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway Research Objectives OBJECTIVE 1: OBJECTIVE 2: To determine the expectations of a healthy product range. To compare the means of the importance of attributes when visiting fast food restaurants. OBJECTIVE 3: To determine whether a relationship exists between a customer’s household size and the importance placed on dine-in and drive-thru facilities of a fast food restaurant. OBJECTIVE 4: To determine whether exercising habits influence a person’s behaviour towards frequenting fast food restaurants. OBJECTIVE 5: To determine whether age affects who people visit fast food restaurant with. OBJECTIVE 6: OBJECTIVE 7: To determine whether age has an impact on expectations. To determine whether promotions and discounts has an impact on the visiting frequency to a fast food restaurant. OBJECTIVE 8: To ascertain if a relationship exists between household size and fast food visiting frequency. OBJECTIVE 9: To determine if customer spending is influenced by the type of companionship. OBJECTIVE 10: To determine categories of expectations when visiting fast food restaurants. OBJECTIVE 11: OBJECTIVE 12: To identify a target segment based on fast food preference. To compare the performance of McDonald’s against the expectations of customers. OBJECTIVE 13: To compare the performance of Subway against the expectations of customers. OBJECTIVE 14: To compare the performance of Subway against the performance of McDonald’s. CBS 9 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway Usefulness of Research Findings The market research that we propose to undertake is anticipated to be useful primarily to Subway Restaurants. Our objectives have been specifically customised to evaluate Subway’s performance in relation to customer expectations, and thus gauge customer satisfaction. Based on the results of our survey, Subway will be able to make informed decisions regarding the development of their restaurants, and be confident that they are catering successfully to customer needs. We also propose to test Subway’s performance with McDonald’s, in order to provide management with an indication of their relative market position. However, because the variables tested by our project are common to most fast food outlets, our research findings will also be applicable to other chains. The results of the questionnaire will reveal the relative importance of various factors such as friendly service and a ‘healthy choice menu’ to customers, and although the particular performance of retailers besides Subway and McDonald’s in these areas will not be tested, they may still decide to develop certain aspects of their outlets with reference to the project’s findings. CBS 10 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A project brief was carried out prior to the commencement of this project. A number of elements were contained in this project brief including exploratory research, secondary research, case studies and focus groups. The project brief was designed to assess the researchers understanding of the material covered early in the course and to oversee the formulation of a conceptual diagram which would form the basis of the questionnaire. Exploratory research was conducted in order to diagnose and define the issues to be investigated by future research. The exploratory research was intended to be qualitative rather than quantitative in nature, and was necessary to provide insight into what particular themes our questionnaire should ultimately focus on in order to be effective and constructive in a marketing context. A variety of methods were utilized during the exploratory research process. Experience surveys were performed by asking Subway managers about their perceptions regarding the issues facing their franchises in particular and the industry generally. The results indicated that competitors were beginning to follow the lead and provide healthy eating options and influenced the eventual design of our questionnaire. Additionally, secondary data was sourced and analysed in order to provide an indication of the nature and content of existing research in the area, and the methodologies they employed. Examination of the data collated, which included thirteen articles from a variety of respected academic journals, provided guidance on which methods to use or to avoid when measuring customer satisfaction in certain situations. It also outlined the important variables that can measure a customer’s satisfaction, such as provider courtesy, timely service and convenient operating hours, which were useful in the construction of our conceptual diagram and ultimately our research instrument. A case study method was also employed during the process of qualitative research. Specifically, reverse engineering of a McDonalds outlet was conducted in order to provide insight into which factors may contribute to its success, and should be tested by further research. The factors revealed as possible variables that should be addressed by our research instrument included the impact of having ‘family-friendly’ menus and interiors, and the level of importance of a ‘healthy choice’ menu. CBS 11 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway A focus group was also conducted in order to augment the amount and relevance of qualitative information already obtained. The focus group was formulated and administered based on the stipulations of Burns Bush (2006). Analysis of the data acquired during the performance of the focus group provided the researchers with a number of additional variables that should be assessed for their relative significance by our questionnaire. Exploratory Research Findings Focus Group The selection of members for the focus group was conducted with reference to their demographic homogeneity and other shared characteristics such as a similarity in lifestyle. Being a fairly regular consumer of fast food was also necessary to qualify for inclusion in the group. Specifically, the focus group consisted of five men and three women, ranging in age from 24 to 30. All participants were employed in skilled professions, including Urban Planning and Public Relations, and all were currently undertaking further full or part time study at a post-graduate level. The group was evenly split between members who were unattached and those who were in relationships, but no members had children. Most described their financial situation as comfortable but not affluent. As previously stated, all participants were regular consumers of fast food, and had purchased Subway products within the last 6 months. The moderator prepared a list of discussion topics in order to provide direction to the focus group’s conversation. The list was composed with the objective of eliciting new ideas and variables from the members of the focus group, and was also designed to test the relevance of variables already referred to in the conceptual diagram. Particular care was taken when composing the questions to avoid influencing the participants’ responses, to ensure that the material gleaned from the group would be of a high standard. The issues that the moderator’s guide was designed to address included the participants’ expectations of a fast food experience, their perceptions of Subway as a brand, and what was important to them as consumers of fast food. The questions asked of the participants included: 1. Why would you choose a certain fast food outlet over another? 2. Think of a positive experience you have had with fast food. Describe what made it good. Repeat for a negative experience. 3. What do you think differentiates Subway from McDonalds or Hungry Jacks? CBS 12 Geraldine Goopio, Malcolm Lau, Vanessa Macknay and Damien Todorovic Research Report – Taking the Subway 4. Why would you choose to eat at Subway instead of McDonalds, and vice-versa? 5. What do you think a typical Subway customer would be like, as opposed to one from McDonalds? How old would they be, what would they wear, what time of day would they visit? The participants advised that a combination of good menu variety, food quality, friendly and efficient service persuaded them to choose one fast food outlet over another. They were unanimous that price and good value were particularly significant influences in their decision to choose a specific retailer. It was also agreed that advertising, and especially the promotion of value meals and similar deals, was an important factor in their choice.

The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison Essay Example

The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison Paper Tom and Gatsby are the same in the aspect of their values, but they differ in their life styles. Both Gatsby and Tom was adulteress because Gatsby wanted Daisy who was married and Tom was cheating on Daisy. But in contrast Tom was the big strong guy and Gatsby was smaller and not as well built. Tom and Gatsby were both rich and thought that money could buy anything and everything they wanted, both Gatsby and Tom used their money to impress people. Gatsby uses his for parties to get Daisy to come, and on other people for example when Lucille tore her gown on a chair, Gatsby paid for it to be replaced. Gatsby used his money to get what he wanted and Tom used his money and his strength to get what he wants. Gatsby wanted to be perceived as an intellectual person by telling them all that we went to Oxford when he really went to Oggsford, where as Tom was an athletic person and he was smart and we know this because he went to Yale. Toms athletics can be seen because he is always ridding and the strength he shows when Daisy knuckle was black and blue and then she says, You did it, Tom. I know you didn t mean to but u did do it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That s what I get for marrying a brute of a man, a great big hulking physical specimen of a-. Gatsby tries to be perceived as an intellectual with the huge library of books that he has. Tom and Gatsby have in common that they both want something the other has, Tom wants Gatsbys fancy car and this is seen when Tom ask Gatsby to borrow his car, on the other side Gatsby wants Daisy, who Tom sees as his property, and this is seen throughout the whole book with the parties Gatsby through to impress Daisy, and with all the things he does for her, like buying her things. Both Tom and Gatsby think money can buy everything. Tom unlike Gatsby uses racial slurs and comments to define people. Gatsby respects Daisy and wants her to have everything, but Tom just uses her like when he would go off and cheat, and he also mistreats her, because sometimes he hits her, or hurts her. He thinks of Daisy as property not as a person, and does not think he needs to treat her well since she is his. Tom and Gatsby both share the trait of being dishonest; Tom shows this when he sends Wilson to kill Gatsby instead of telling him that it wasn t Gatsby driving the car that it was Daisy, and Gatsby is dishonest in the way that he made his money and what he did to do what he was. Tom and Gatsby both had things in common and things that were different but I would say that they are more alike.

Free Essays on Ciceros On Duties

Summary of Cicero’s, On Duties This excerpt from the book, On the Good Life, is a letter from Cicero to his son. I couldn’t even imagine getting something like this from my father. It is full of great advice on how to live your life in such a way that you are regarded as a highly favorable person with impeccable morals. I agree with most of what Cicero has to say in his excerpt, On Duties. In this review I will summarize Cicero’s’ main arguments and his ideas for a better person and nation. I believe that Cicero wrote this book for intelligent individuals who wanted to attain power in life through morally positive avenues; it was written almost as an academic piece. It was also written as a gage with which a person who was reading it could weigh himself. Cicero begins the volume by relating to us why he has chosen Philosophy as his current field of study, his only field of study. He had once been a political leader but since the government â€Å"lay under domination of a single individual† (120) he was angry and sorrowful that he had lost some of his good friends to the uprising. That he was no longer able to practice politics deeply saddened Cicero. So to forget his sorrows he took up philosophy. Cicero believed that the best method for learning was philosophy because it literally meant love of wisdom. Even though Cicero thought himself a philosopher he was quick to disagree with those philosophers who he saw as tricky and misleading to the public. Cicero believed that the only way to â€Å"attain the objects of their desires† was â€Å"by moral goodness, both in thought and in action† (125). This leads us to Cicero’s classification of expediency and how it affects us as humans. Cicero classified the â€Å"things that go towards the maintenance of human life† (125) as either animate or inanimate. The inanimate objects consist of gold and silver and things from the earth. He then further classifies the animate into rationa... Free Essays on Ciceros On Duties Free Essays on Ciceros On Duties Summary of Cicero’s, On Duties This excerpt from the book, On the Good Life, is a letter from Cicero to his son. I couldn’t even imagine getting something like this from my father. It is full of great advice on how to live your life in such a way that you are regarded as a highly favorable person with impeccable morals. I agree with most of what Cicero has to say in his excerpt, On Duties. In this review I will summarize Cicero’s’ main arguments and his ideas for a better person and nation. I believe that Cicero wrote this book for intelligent individuals who wanted to attain power in life through morally positive avenues; it was written almost as an academic piece. It was also written as a gage with which a person who was reading it could weigh himself. Cicero begins the volume by relating to us why he has chosen Philosophy as his current field of study, his only field of study. He had once been a political leader but since the government â€Å"lay under domination of a single individual† (120) he was angry and sorrowful that he had lost some of his good friends to the uprising. That he was no longer able to practice politics deeply saddened Cicero. So to forget his sorrows he took up philosophy. Cicero believed that the best method for learning was philosophy because it literally meant love of wisdom. Even though Cicero thought himself a philosopher he was quick to disagree with those philosophers who he saw as tricky and misleading to the public. Cicero believed that the only way to â€Å"attain the objects of their desires† was â€Å"by moral goodness, both in thought and in action† (125). This leads us to Cicero’s classification of expediency and how it affects us as humans. Cicero classified the â€Å"things that go towards the maintenance of human life† (125) as either animate or inanimate. The inanimate objects consist of gold and silver and things from the earth. He then further classifies the animate into rationa...

Breakdown and Review of Where the Wild Things Are

Breakdown and Review of 'Where the Wild Things Are' Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak  has become a classic. Winner of the 1964 Caldecott Medal as the Most Distinguished Picture Book of the Year, it was first published by HarperCollins in 1963. When Sendak wrote the book, the theme of dealing with dark emotions was rare in childrens literature, especially in picture book format. Story Summary After more than 50 years, what keeps the book  popular is not the impact of the book on the field of childrens literature, it is the impact of the story and the illustrations on young readers. The plot of the book is based on the fantasy (and real) consequences of a little boys mischief. One night Max dresses up in his wolf suit and does all kinds of things he shouldnt, like chasing the dog with a fork. His mother scolds him and calls him a WILD THING! Max is so mad he shouts back, ILL EAT YOU UP! As a result, his mother sends him to his bedroom without any supper. Maxs imagination transforms his bedroom into an extraordinary setting, with a forest and an ocean and a little boat that Max sails in until he comes to a land full of wild things. Although they look and sound very fierce, Max is able to tame them with a single glance. They all realize Max is ..the most wild thing of all and make him their king. Max and the wild things have a fine time creating a rumpus until Max begins to want to be †¦where someone loved him best of all. Maxs fantasy ends when he smells his dinner. Despite the wild things protests, Max sails back to his own room where he finds his supper waiting for him. The Books Appeal This is a particularly appealing story because Max is in conflict with both his mother and his own anger. Despite the fact that he is still angry when he is sent to his room, Max does not continue his mischief. Instead, he gives free rein to his angry emotions through his fantasy, and then, comes to a decision that he will no longer let his anger separate him from those whom he loves and who love him. Max is an engaging character. His actions, from chasing the dog to talking back to his mother are realistic. His emotions are also realistic. Its quite common for children to get angry and fantasize about what they could do if they ruled the world and then calm down and consider the consequences. Max is a child with whom most 3- to 6-year-olds readily identify. Summing Up the Impact of the Book Where the Wild Things Are is an excellent book. What makes it so extraordinary is the creative imagination of both Maurice Sendak the writer and Maurice Sendak the artist. The text and the artwork complement one another, moving the story along seamlessly. The transformation of Maxs bedroom into a forest is a visual delight. Sendaks colored pen and ink illustrations in muted colors are both humorous and sometimes a little scary, reflecting both Maxs imagination and his anger. The theme, conflict, and characters are ones with which readers of all ages can identify, and  is a book that children will enjoy hearing again and again. Publisher: HarperCollins, ISBN: 0060254920

Envs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Envs - Essay Example The product is cooked in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils which may contain partially hydrogenated soybean oil and/or partially hydrogenated corn oil and/or partially hydrogenated canola oil and/or cottonseed oil and/or sunflower oil and/or corn oil). Mc Donald’s french fries also contain derivatives of wheat and dairy. I used to eat McDonald’s french fries every week, sometimes even more especially when I hang out with my friends more often than usual. However, I have recently come across a number of articles claiming that McDonald’s french fries contain a considerable amount of trans-fat oil and so I have limited my consumption of the product since then. However, the rest of the world still apparently enjoys eating McDonald’s french fries as millions of pounds of the product are being consumed everyday. This probably explains, in part, the health issues faced by the world’s population since a small pack of french fries could amount to 250 calories, 13 grams of fat with 2.5 grams of that being saturated fat, and 140mg of sodium. The unknown composition of â€Å"natural flavorings† is likewise seemingly not a concern for Mc Donald’s french fries consumers. McDonald’s is apparently among the leaders in the industry when it comes to environmentally-conscious policies. The company website mentions that all of McDonald’s bags, tray liners and cup carriers are made from 100 percent recycled paper while packaging of hot foods including french fries are made from cartons or paper packaging made from 72% recycled paper. In addition, a decrease in the cardboard weight of corrugated containers and the introduction of larger shipping containers during product transport has helped minimize the amount of packaging materials required by McDonalds. Also, the company is employing the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Dispose program which aims to decrease wastage as much as possible.

Photography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Photography - Research Paper Example This image happens to be the first ever image that existed and did not get deleted on its own. Later Joseph came into collaboration with Louis Daguerre who is a France born artist and physicist and their collaboration led to the development of daguerreotype which is recognized for being the predecessors of films that are modern in nature (Hirsch 10). These remained high in demand until these types were replaced by the emulsion plates during the period of 1850s. The emulsion plates are even recognized as wet plates and are even less costly as compared to their predecessors and these plates were faster than the previous ones to become exposed. These wet plates do not use coatings on the imaging plate and these plates rather use a procedure recognized as process of emulsion which is characterized as Collodian process. Another great change experienced by the concept of photography during the period of 1870s is the introduction of dry plates which were invented by Richard Maddox and these plates were a result of improvements made to the previous wet plates and these plates were equal to the efficiency and quality of the wet plates (Hirsch 137). These plates were better than the wet plates as these plates could be stored before being used, unlike the wet plates which were only created in accordance to need. Development of dry plates even helped in developing cameras which were portable in size and since these plates led to decrease in time of exposure, these plates influenced the development of first ever mechanical shutter. Before 1980s only professionals used to get involved in the practice of photography or only the elites of the society had access to it, during the 1980s, George Eastman developed a company named Kodak and he was the one who created the first roll films that were flexible in nature and did not need to be changed like previous plates which were solid in nature (Hirsch 447). With this invention, he even created a box camera that had the ability to h old more than 100 films at the same time. George Eastman was an American contributor to the industry of photography and the Kodak Company is a US hosted multinational firm. The camera produced by George Eastman was quite inexpensive and easily accessible to the society, the films that were used in this camera were quite larger in size as compared to the 35 mm films used today. The 35 mm films took some time to be easily accessible to common man and during the 1940s these films became quite affordable. Later during the 1930s, the 35 mm films were used by photographers including Henri-Carter Bresson who is recognized as the father of photojournalism (Hirsch 254). He was the one who invented the capturing of real life images rather than depending on staged images. The invention of this form of photography completely altered the field of photography. While 35 mm films were becoming popular, Polaroid was the one who introduced a secretive method of developing films while they were in the vicinity of the camera and recognized this process as the Model 95 (Hirsch 351). This type of photography soon became very famous among the masses but this form of imaging was quite expensive. By the period of 1960s, Polaroid gained great popularity and several models were developed which

Chapter & Readings R Essay Example for Free

Chapter Readings R Essay Chapter 9 readings this week is about experiments. The learning objectives in this chapter are the used for experimentation, advantages and disadvantages of the experiment method, seven steps of a well-planned experiment, internal and external validity with experiment research designs, and the three types of experiment designs and the variations of each. In chapter 9 experiments is defined as the studies involving intervention by the researcher beyond that required for measurement (McGraw-Hill Company). One of the advantages of experiments is that it comes the closest than any primary data collection to accomplish its goal. One of the foremost advantages is the ability of the researcher to manipulate the independent variable. The second advantage of the experiment is the contamination of extraneous variables being controlled way more effectively in other designs. This allows researchers to isolate the variable and evaluate the impact. The third is the convenience and cost experimentation that are superior to other methods (McGraw-Hill Company). The benefit of this is that it allows experiment opportunities in scheduling data collection and the flexibility in adjusting the variables. The disadvantages are the artificiality of the laboratory of the experimental method. Second are the samples of nonprobability can pose problems despite the random assignment. Conducting a well-executed experiment must have a complete series of activities in order to have a successful experiment. In chapter 9 Exhibit9-1 it gives researchers seven activities that a researcher must accomplished in order to have a successful research. Exhibit 9-1 1. Seven relevant variables. 2. Specify the treatment levels. 3. Control the experiment environment. 4. Choose the experimental design. 5. Select and assign the subjects. 6. Pilot test, revise, and test. 7. Analyze the data. Researchers are task to translate an amorphous problem that is being question or the hypothesis that is best state of the objectives the research (McGraw-Hill Company. The book mentioned that hypothesis is a relational state because it describes a relationship between two or more variables (McGraw-Hill Company). It also be operationalized, a term we used earlier in discussing how concepts are transformed into variables to make them measurable and subject to testing (McGraw-Hill Company). Researches challenges are: 1. Select variables that are the best operational representations of the original concepts. 2. Determine how many variables to test. 3. Select or design appropriate measures for them (McGraw-Hill Company). Controlling the experimental environment variables may appear in differences in age, gender, race, dress, communications competence, and many other characteristic (McGraw-Hill Company). Environmental Control is defined as holding contrast the physical environment of the experiment (McGraw-Hill Company). Other forms of experiment are the control of the subjects. Subjects that are that have no knowledge that they are receiving experimental treatment are said to be blind. Double blind is when the experimenters do not know of the treatment of the experiment group or the control group. Experiment design is unique in the experiment method. As it serves as a positional and statistical plan to designate its relationship between the experimental treatments and experimenters observations (McGraw-Hill Company). When conducting an experiment the researchers apply their knowledge in order to select the design that is best suited for the goals research. When analyzing data if must have adequate planning. Researchers have several measurements and instrument options with experiments (McGraw-Hill Company). Observational techniques and coding schemes. Paper-and-pencil tests. Self-report instruments with open-ended or closed questions. Scaling techniques Physiological measures (McGraw-Hill Company). Even though there are different types of validity the two major varieties that are considered are internal validity and external validity. Internal Validity among its many threats seven are consider: History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Selection Statistical regression Experimental mortality External validity among its threats the following are its interactive possibilities: Reactivity of testing on X. Interaction of Selections and X. Other reactive factors. References Author Donald R. Cooper, Pamela S, Schindler. 2011 McGraw-Hill Comapny

Essay --

What are the benefits and advantages of internships? Internships help you gain exposure to real issues not found in textbooks, it also helps to increase your skills that are readily marketable from doing an internship. Interning can provide you with personal growth experiences and exposure to different job opportunities. Internships give you the opportunity to evaluate potential employers nearly risk free, which is a plus. I did an internship for a year at my church. The first thing I had to do was find the facility I was going to do the internship with. The next thing was to engage a suitable mentor for the work I was going to do as an intern. After talking to two perspective mentors one was chosen. Your mentor has to be dedicated to your success, and your spiritual growth. He or she must not be afraid of telling you the truth, and make sure you can follow instructions. An internship helps you to clarify your goals, gain experience by applying your knowledge and skills in work re lated situations. Experiences you will learn You will learn what you can do and the areas you need to work on in your studies. An Internship will help you gain the confidence you need to perfect your abilities. You will also gain valuable work experience. It also will give you some insight on how to solve problems with in your work area. Your internship will help you network by establishing a contact base, and references which can give you future letters of support. Internships provide hands-on learning opportunities, and also can lead to employment. All internships do not guarantee employment, but the experience is worth it. Whether you are compensated or not, the internship can provide you some academic credit to help you farther your education. Emp... ... that are for academic credit; which foster a particular discipline of mind. There are Internships that are primarily clerical or mechanical do not qualify for academic credit, but they increase marketability to employers. On average, only 30% of graduating seniors have job offers before graduation; however, after completing an internship, that figure rises to 58%. I had never done an internship before so it was a learning experience for me. Would I do this over again probably, would I recommend an internship to someone? Yes I would, it is very rewarding growth in integrity, character, and spirituality if you let the Lord refine you, and you are able to take constructive criticism, which helps you refine your weaknesses. I think this is a great course and would recommend it to another student, thanks for the opportunity to learn and grow from this experience.

Aristotle and the Realm of Ethics

An examination of the Nichomacean Ethics is a task that contains the dichotomy of examining Aristotle’s simple, basic definitions along with the great complexity that is present in the underlying meaning behind the simplicity. Aristotle believed the ultimate goal of a human being was (is) to seek happiness and that only a virtuous person can truly achieve happiness.   The acceptance of these notions centers on the perception of the definitions of â€Å"virtue† and â€Å"happiness†. In Aristotle’s words, â€Å"We are now in a position to define the happy man as one who is active in accordance with complete virtue.†Ã‚   In other words, happiness without ethics is a near impossibility.. Eudemonia is a particularly complex situation when trying to understand the importance of it in regards to ethics because eudemonia generally refers to â€Å"happiness or pleasure.† Unfortunately, as the history of human behavior has shown, there will be those individuals who derive their happiness from actions that can be somewhat harmful to people. This type of behavior is, essentially, a pleasure principle based on perversion as opposed to one that is based on ethical behavior. So, it becomes important to separate Eudemonia from perversion or anti-social behavior in because, ultimately, while there may be some pleasure present in such conduct, this does not lead to overall happiness because there might exist a situation where such behavior leads a person down a road of a damaged life. Drugs may bring happiness, but this will exist only for the short term. Ultimately, they will lead to a damaged life that is devoid of happiness. As such, the happiness that Eudemonia  represents must not be transitional happiness, but happiness that is everlasting. In order to achieve this, the happiness must be based on ethical approaches to the pursuit of happiness. Ultimately, virtue breeds ethics and a disposition that is virtuous will further perpetuate ethical behavior. The reason for this is simple: a person who acts with purity can not act unethically as a lack of ethics and a preponderance of virtue are, essentially, mutually exclusive. A disposition of virtue will, in effect, cancel out any unethical or immoral behavior. Now, a virtuous person can also be a person who is rife with internal conflict. To seek happiness does not mean that the person will achieve happiness no matter how hard he or she tries. Often, there will be conflicted internal struggles that pit virtue, honesty and â€Å"the good life† against the frailties of the human psyche and soul. This internal conflict often will eat away at the ability to achieve happiness. However, if a person lives a life that is ethical, a great deal of conflict and stress will be removed from a person’s life. This, in turn, will allow the person a semblance of happiness or, at the very least, a lessoning of conflicting tensions that prey on the mind. Prescribing to a balance of ethics and happiness hinge on the need for virtuous actions and, while this is not possible all the time, it is possible a great deal of the time and can be achieved if an individual concentrates on it enough. This is a core tenant of Aristotle’s principles of ethics, ethical behavior and virtue.                                 

Body Language Communication In Nursing Essay

You are approached by a Grandparent who is hearing impaired how do you facilitate the best environment and through your body language and how you speak with him to ensure you communicate with him in a way which meets his needs and is respectful of his impairment I was approached by a child’s Grandparent with an hearing impairment who wanted to speak to me I instructing the Grandparent to follow me to somewhere quite, has this allowed us to speak and there to be no interruptions or other notices to distract him or myself, I looked at him and make eye contact when I spoke this allowed him to lip read if he needed to and continue eye contract when he spoke back to me to let him know that I paying attraction, I spoke clearly in a steady pace but not too slowly so that this made him feel that I was talking to him like he was incapable of understanding, he told me at one point that he did not hear me I did not get frustrated with him I just repeated what I had said a little louder a nd tried to make my speak more clearly and tried to steady my pace a little more, I tried to always make him feel comfortable in my company and that his impairment was not an issue and that he could approach me at any point he needed to and that I would listen and do my best to communicate in a way that he was comfortable. (Case Study) You have children in your setting whose parents do not come to the setting as they walk there or are dropped off by day nursery staff or childminders. How do you ensure parents get the information they need. At the school that I work we send regular letters home to all parents and carers and on a weekly basis we send a newsletter home with every child, when in placement I hand each child the letters in their hand and they I instruct them to put the letters into their reading folders for parents and carers to read, I then walk around the classroom to ensure that each child has placed the letters into their reading folders, if there is a letter of great importance then there is a text message sent to all parents or carers informing them of the letter and its importance and that they must check their child’s reading folder. If there is a matter that is very important or urgent for example a possible stranger danger then a text message would be sent immediately to the parents or carers followed by a letter sent home. If a child minder or  day nursery staff collect the child I myself of which ever teacher spoke to them they would also inform them of any important letters in the child’s reading folder and inform them to let the child’s parent or carer know when they collected their child.

Book in 2984 essays

Book in 2984 essays Today is September 13, 2004. One item I would bury which will give the archaeologist in the year 2894 some insight into our culture is a book. A book is a bound of object with pages was invented by the Ancient Romans. Early on the Romans people call it codex. It is made of leaves of papyrus, with writing on both sides. It appeared the first time between about 100 BC and AD 100. It did not come into common use until sometime between AD 150 and AD 200. I would bury a book because it is such an old item. By the time 890 years later, I think people will not use book anymore. It is a heavy thing to carry on. In that time people would only carry with them their laptops or something that will cover all of their information on it. For example, a student in 2894 goes to school, and the only thing he carries with him is a small computer laptop. On that computer there is all of the sources or information his teacher give him for the whole school year. He would type the notes the teacher given him. He even doesnt have to carry on his notebooks also, and maybe pens are useless by that time. A secret place I will choose to bury the books would be somewhere near Rome. If some archaeologists find it and want to know insight of the book they will look at Rome as the place where the book was born and died. When the archaeologist fined the books, they might think this is an uncommon item and very precious. I think when I have children I will encourage them to save books and give it to their children and grandchildren...etc ...

Run Batch Files (DOS Commands) From Visual Studio

Run Batch Files (DOS Commands) From Visual Studio Microsoft Visual Studio integrated development environment doesnt run DOS commands, but you can change that fact with a batch file. When IBM introduced PCs, batch files and the original BASIC  programming language were among the few ways to write programs. Users became experts at programming DOS commands. About Batch Files Batch files might be called scripts or macros in another context. Theyre just text files filled with DOS commands. For example: ECHO off ECHO Hello About Visual Basic! ECHO on The suppresses the display of the current statement to the console. So, the command ECHO off is not displayed.ECHO off and ECHO on toggles whether statements are displayed. So, after ECHO off, statements are not displayed.ECHO Hello About Visual Basic! displays the text Hello About Visual Basic!ECHO on switches the ECHO function back on so anything following is displayed. All of this was just to ensure that the only thing you actually see in the console window is the message. How to Execute a Batch File in Visual Studio The key to executing a batch file directly in Visual Studio is to Add one using the External Tools selection of the Tools menu. To do this, you: Create a simple batch program that executes other batch programs.Reference that program using the External Tools selection in Visual Studio. To be complete, add a reference to Notepad in the Tools menu. A Batch Program That Executes Other Batch Programs Heres the batch program that will execute other batch programs: cmd /c %1 pause The /c parameter carries out the command specified by string and then terminates. The %1 accepts a string that the cmd.exe program will try to execute. If the pause command wasnt there, the command prompt window would close before you could see the result. The pause command issues the string, press any key to continue. Tip: You can get a fast explanation of any console command- DOS- using this syntax in a command prompt window: /? Save this file using any name with the file type .bat.   You can save it in any location, but the Visual Studio directory in Documents is a good place.   Add an Item to External Tools The final step is to add an item to the External Tools in Visual Studio. Click Here to display the illustration If you simply click the Add button, then you get a complete dialog that allows you to specify every detail possible for an external tool in Visual Studio. Click Here to display the illustration In this case, enter the complete path, including the name you used when you saved your batch file earlier, in the Command textbox. For example: C:\Users\Milovan\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\RunBat.bat You can enter any name you like in the Title textbox. At this point, your new batch file executing command is ready. Just to be complete, you can also add the RunBat.bat file to the External Tools a different way as shown below: Click Here to display the illustration Rather than make this file the default editor in External Tools, which will cause Visual Studio to use RunBat.bat for files that are not batch files,  execute the batch file by selecting Open With... from a context menu. Click Here to display the illustration Because a batch file is just a text file that is qualified with the .bat type (.cmd works too), you might think that you can use the Text File template in Visual Studio to add one to your project. You cant. As it turns out, a Visual Studio Text File is not a text file. To demonstrate this, right-click the project and use Add New Item ...  to add a text file to your project. You have to change the extension so it ends in .bat. Enter the simple DOS command, Dir (display a directory contents) and click OK to add it to your project. If you then try to execute this batch command, you get this error: nDir is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. That happens because the default source code editor in Visual Studio adds header information to the front of every file. You need an editor, like Notepad, that doesnt. The solution here is to add Notepad to External Tools. Use Notepad to create a batch file. After you save the batch file, you still have to add it to your project as an existing item.

Critical analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical analysis - Assignment Example The reason why the Balanced Scorecard notion has so extensively accepted by manufacturing and service companies, nonprofit institutions, and government bodies globally since its opening in 1992: First, preceding methods that included non financial measurements use unplanned gathering of such measure, for instance, checklist of measures for manager to follow of and improve than an inclusive system of related measurements. The Balance Scorecard stresses the linkage of measurement to strategy (Kapalan, Norton, 1993) and cause-and effect linkages that explain the theories of the strategy (Kaplan, Norton, 1996b). The close link between the measurement method and strategy raises the role for non-financial measures from a set checklist to a complete system for strategy accomplishment (Kaplan, Norton, 1996a) Second, The Balanced Scorecard mirror the shifting nature of technology and aggressive benefit of the 19th and much of 20th centuries, corporations attained viable benefit from their investment in and running of tangible assets such as inventory, property, plant, and equipment (Chandler, 1990). Financial systems subjugated by tangible asset, fiscal measurements were sufficient to record investments on company’s balance sheets. However, many factors avert valid assessment of intangible possessions on balance sheets: First, the value from intangible assets is not direct. Resources such as knowledge and technology rarely have a direct impact on income and profit. Enhancement in intangible resources affects monetary outcomes through chains of cause-and-effect interaction linking two or three intermediate phases (Huselid, 1995; Becker, Huselid, 1998). For instance, think of relationship in the management profit (Heskett et al., 1994): investments in employee training lead to development in service quality that leads to high customer satisfaction that causes increased loyalty which generates increased

How do we explain the development of intrastate or civil conflict Essay

How do we explain the development of intrastate or civil conflict - Essay Example Internal conflicts contribute to disruption of the existing infrastructure and depreciate economic development, which is highlighted in poor African countries with long recovery periods that adversely affect people’s economic, health and social wellbeing (Collier, 1998). The politics of a country may make unequal distribution of a country’s resources and wealth, and this ultimately leads to violent rebellions against the rich and those in power. Armed civil conflicts are mostly common in the economically underdeveloped nations with high prevalence of joblessness, oppression, and injustice. The After Effects of European Colonialism The Berlin conference laid up the strategies for dividing Africa necessitating the creation of haphazard artificial boundaries. The large expanse of the African continent became a challenge for colonial administrators who lacked the manpower and resources to effectively rule the land (Shah, 2010). They used the divide and rule policy, which fe rmented numerous and disastrous conflicts. The boundaries colonialists created in Africa served their own economic interests. Colonialism erased entire cultures, and they way of life of many communities, most colonies were given minimal education, and religion to suit the Europeans needs (Shah, 2010). The postcolonial period proved difficult for Africans as the majority had useless skills unequipped for rebuilding their continent, coupled with people of diverse ethnic backgrounds and cultures crammed up together in depraved conditions. These people lacked the capacity to accommodate each other and develop nationalism that is exhibited in other parts of the world (Shah, 2010). Majority of the leaders that assisted Europeans to govern were ambitious and corrupt and they ruthlessly exploited their fellow Africans for their own gain. After independence, these people ascended to powerful political positions and to safeguard their positions majority used single party leaderships to rule. Single party leadership oppressed many citizens creating civil wars that led to assassinations and coups. These regimes are responsible for a majority of the civil wars experienced in Africa (Shah, 2010). Colonialists who introduced new cash crops directed the national economic activities of most developing countries. The Africans lost their native crops, which were suited to their climates and embraced foreign cash crops to serve the western markets exposing them to food insecurities (Shah, 2010). The nationalization of commercial cash crop farming and mineral mining in some regions make these people dependent on limited economic activities exposing them to fluctuating world market, prices increasing civil war risks. Africa constitutes very many ethnic communities and sub tribes that previously coexisted peacefully. The scramble for Africa by Europeans divided the continent and changed the structural life of Africans. Most colonialist governments promoted Darwinism, which elevated some communities and oppressed others leading to fundamental inequalities that have persisted to the current times. The Rwandese genocide arose from the tribal hierarchy left by the Belgium after Rwanda gained independence. They had made Tutsis

Using Nursing Informatics in Clinical Area Research Paper

Using Nursing Informatics in Clinical Area - Research Paper Example This essay approves that the clinical decision support system is a computerized application that offers immediate benefits for nurses. This represents the role informatics can play in ensuring higher levels of patient safety. Patient safety can further be improved in hospital settings where nurses do not use technological tools to aid them in their work. This can be done by introducing and encouraging the usage of technology and training nurses in using it effectively so that they can improve their performance and directly improve the level of patient safety that they provide. This report makes a conclusion that , NI has started to gain significance in field of heath care. The greater use of technology closes the loop between evidence and practice, and helps in generating an effective cycle of evidence-based learning in nurses. It can play an effective role is streamlining documentation. Organized records and easy access to them can save up time and allow nurses to communicate about them better. Informatics facilitates the decision-making process by nurses, and enables them to access medical literature easily and in less time. Documentation in computerized form can also reduce the occurrence of errors, and promote to patient safety. However, one of the main obstructions to the effective usage of technology in health care is problem of ease due to insufficient use of devices. This can be managed by increasing computer literacy in the nurses so that they can seek collective wisdom of inter-disciplinary and inter-organizational collaboration to transform clin ical education, practice and rese.

Hiding Edith Book Essay Essay Example for Free

Hiding Edith Book Essay Essay Hiding Edith a True Story by Kathy Kacer Elise Peterson I usually am reading a book that gushes over love or a creepy mystery novel, but this time I thought I would switch it up. I have always been really interested in World War two and the holocaust and thats why I picked up the book Hiding Edith, a true story by Kathy Kacer. I cant even come to image the fear that was planted in these childrens heads and would scar them for the rest of their life. In 1933, the Nazi party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to power in Germany. Hitler was a cruel man who believed that Germans were superior to all over races, but especially Jews. I wont go into a huge detail about the Holocaust because Im sure youve taken the class History! But anyways, the main character, Edith Schwalb was Jewish and was alive when Hitler slowly began to take over. Edith is a young Jewish girl living with her Papa, Mutti, sister (Threse), and brother (Gaston) in the city of Vienna. Ediths family is very close. Her Papa is a known soccer player and Edith and her sister both attend school while Mutti and her brother stay at home. Unfortunately, Vienna was slowly being taken over. One night, Nazi soldiers came to the Schwalb household and took away Papa. The girls soon stopped attending school and ran away to another city. Mutti soon realized that the children were no longer safe snow that Concentration camps were being established. The talk of the town among the Jews was that the town of Moissac had a â€Å"Boarding School† where Jewish families could take their kids for protection from the Nazis. The town of Moissac is actually a town of all Germans. All the Germans know about the secret house and keep it a secret. The house is run by Shatta and Bouli Simon who are very kind. At the house, they are properly fed, taken care of, attend school, and go to church. Shatta and Bouli pretty much become the parents of all of the children living at the house. The reason why the house is so safe is since the whole town is German, the Nazis will contact the Mayor before they come and search for Jews so it gives the children time to hide. So Mutti decides to drop Edith and Gaston off at the house. When they arrive Edith is 7 and Gaston is toddler. Threse and Mutti run off to another town to live in a farm house. Edith and Gaston come to love living in the house. Edith becomes good friends with a girl named Sarah. Over the years together Edith and Sarah practically become sisters. Every now and again Mutti will visit Edith and Gaston. After years of living there, Shatta and Bouli announce that they have to shut down the house. They both agree that the war will soon end since the Americans have joined the war. They send the kids to different secret homes to live. Sarah and Edith are moved to a German Boarding school. This is kind of dangerous since no one there knows they are Jewish. They have to change their names. There at the boarding school, they are treated badly and rarely eat. They both end up getting lice and having to dig food out of the garbage. Again, Edith and Sarah are moved to another place. This time, a real home. They move to the house of the Merleaus who treat Edith and Sarah kindly. She only stays there for a short while because the war ends! Edith is soon reunited with her brother, sister, and mother. They find out that there father was killed in a concentration camp. The family lives together and they all get jobs. Edith realizes that she wants to make a difference. Her and Gaston end up going back to Moissac. They volunteer to be consolers for the orphaned Jewish children. I literally recommend this book to anyone! Its a quick read and it really makes you see through the eyes of a child during World War Two. It makes you realize how lucky we are, here in America and not to take things for granted because they can be taken away any moment.

New Internet Marketing Landscape Essay -- essays research papers

The internet is changing marketing not to mention the world. "The number of internet users worldwide is expected to reach almost 1.4 billion by 2007" according to Armstrong & Kotler (2007) p. 26. The internet is also changing the ways that companies are conducting their marketing. A great example of a company that has been transformed by the new digital age is Melendi Photography (wwww.melendiphotography.com), owned and operated by my dear uncle Luis Melendi and his wife Maria, located in Key Largo, Florida. Originally a mom & pop photography company, it has now been revolutionized by the internet and telecommunications in the past 10 years. They?re main source of marketing came from local newspapers. When they first opened there storefront in 1975, they concentrated on locals and local businesses as their own means of business. Business was steady, but in a small community like Key Largo, Florida, at times business could be very slow. After analyzing and planning a new marketing tactic, they decided it would just be better to close. The year that they decided to close their photography company was the year when the internet took a nose-dive. Many dot-com companies were going out of business, but shortly after the dot-com revolution began to get stronger, and it came back with a vengeance. In 2000 with the revolution of the internet, they created a website, a virtual gallery, a virtual spot on the World Wide Web (WWW) where customers- not only from their small Florida community could view their portraits, but statewide, nationwide and worldwide, in a last ditch attempt to keep their small photography studio alive. They designed an effective website. Melendi Photography took a chance, on something they new very little of.... ...as available on the Melendi?s new site, which they could only offer in there storefront location originally. They really began to see a difference in profits. In addition, using the internet in their photography business, the Melendi?s have been able to offer greater product access and selection. Conducting business in the traditional form is still habitual, but as technology is ever-changing, business will eventually need to keep up with technology and the changes in the environmental factors and understand that with the coming of the digital-age, every aspect of a business is affected, including marketing. References Kilby, Nathalie (2007). Get connected to affiliates. Journal Marketing Week Volume 30 Issue 12. p35-36 Armstrong G. & Kotler P. (2007) Marketing: An Introduction 8E Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers

Preventing Tooth Decay in Hispanic Preschool Children: Program Development

Preventing Tooth Decay in Hispanic Preschool Children: Program Development School of Nursing Health Teaching and Promotion Preventing Tooth Decay in Hispanic Preschool Children: Program Development Dental caries is a single most prevalent chronic infectious disease amongst US children (US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2000). Caries progression in younger children is more rapid and severe than in adults, resulting in the ailment known as Early Childhood Caries. According to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) morbidity report almost 20% of children 2-5 years old had untreated dental caries (2012).In order to prevent tooth decay and promote good oral hygiene in young children, the community nurse will coordinate with East Los Angeles day care centers to hold a series of short classes for groups of parents 10-14 at a time just before the end of day care’s business day. These classes will focus on preventing caries development in preschool children by raising awarene ss amongst parents. The education will target Hispanic day care centers, and the goals of the program will be achieved by educating parents and their preschool children on factors that contribute to cavities formation, and strategies to prevent caries progression.Health Prevention Need According to Dental Health Foundation (DHF) children in California have twice as much untreated dental caries as the rest of the nation (2000). DHF further indicates that national minorities are at higher risk to develop dental problems. Variables such as socioeconomic status and educational level directly correlate with the rates of the dental disease prevalence (US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2000). According to NCHS, almost 40% of Mexican children from families that are below 100% of poverty level have untreated dental issues.Additional factor that contribute to dental cavities progression is lack of insurance. More than quarter of Californian preschoolers and elementary school students have no dental coverage (DHF, 2000). The practice of giving a nocturnal bottle is still utilized by more than 30% of Californians, and is considered as most common factor that contributes to tooth decay (US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2000). Caries in children may be source of severe pain, interfere with learning, diminish overall quality of life, and potentially lead to life-threatening infections.Fortunately, dental caries is easily preventable by following basic oral hygiene strategies. However due to lack of knowledge and other socio-economic and cultural barriers, these guidelines frequently are not followed, and children suffer from tooth decay and associated problems. The goal of this educational course closely replicates oral health goals set by Healthy People 2020, which emphasizes importance of education and prevention (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).A joint effort of public health professionals, day care centers personnel, and individual parentsâ €™ involvement can halt the progression of caries and prevent the tooth decay in children. Characteristics of Learners This program will involve parents and their preschool children, and child care providers. Considering the geographical location of proposed courses (East Los Angeles), the most of the participating children are of Hispanic heritage, three to five years old; include both gender, and most likely bilingual. Piaget coined a term of preoperational intelligence to describe the cognitive learning in children ages 2 to 6 (Berger, 2008).Preoperational cognition, according to Piaget, denotes learning that occurs before understanding logical operations. Children’s cognitive processes at this age are magical and egocentric (Berger, 2008). Lev Vygotsky, in contrast to Piaget’s theory emphasized the social learning as an important part of knowledge formation. Vygotsky recognized the importance of guided participation in learning process of preschool children. He provided four steps created by caregivers that motivate children to learn: challenge presentation, assistance availability, instructions, and encouragement.Another prominent social development theorist, Eric Erikson described preschool children being in the initiative versus guilt state, which characterized by child balancing effort and expectations of adults (Berger, 2008). Preschool children may have prior knowledge of basic oral hygiene strategies, but need assistance and supervision. Additionally children at this age are able to follow two or three step instructions, curious and motivated, do distinguish cause and effect in simple situations.Berger states that young preschool children have healthy growing organisms, but greatly influenced by genetics, nutrition, socioeconomic status, and other factors (2008). The long standing tradition of encouraging children to eat traced in low-income Hispanic families is turning into the overeating epidemic in the US (Berger, 2008). Besides overeating, poor dietary choices, such as snacks with little nutritional value, but high in sugar, fat, and salt pose a direct danger to oral health. The second category of learners in this course is comprised of adult Hispanic parents of preschool children, and caregivers at day care centers.Both parents and caregivers are most likely emerging adults with ages ranging from 21 to 35. Most of them belong to lower socioeconomic status, with public health being the only source of healthcare coverage. As much as 45% are uninsured (NCHS, 2012). Almost 25% of these adults live below poverty level, and median per capita in income is almost 2. 5 times less than that of rest of California (United States Census Bureau, 2012). Forty four percent of East Los Angeles population reported having a high school diploma, and only 5. 4% achieved baccalaureate degree as highest level of education (United States Census Bureau, 2012).As much as 97% of population is of Hispanic descent, and almost half o f them are foreign born individuals. Catholicism is a predominant religion amongst Hispanic population. People of Hispanic origin have strong values of family relations, religion, tradition and customs. They might have preconceived ideas of oral hygiene, but most likely not follow the guidelines. Hispanics have a strong respect to healthcare providers, and their culture prescribes obedience and compliance, making them open to learning to certain degree (Berger, 2008).They might have limited English proficiency and be illiterate, which makes learning process harder. Nursing Diagnosis A multitude of nursing diagnoses are applicable to the situation of poor oral hygiene. Various problems arise from the potential adverse effects of infection and caries. But for this educational course two interrelated nursing diagnoses were identified. The first nursing diagnosis is ineffective oral health maintenance related to knowledge deficit, cultural beliefs, and lack of material resources as evid enced by reported poor dentition status in children (Wilkinson, 2005).The second diagnosis directly stems from the first one: knowledge deficit related to lack of exposure and unfamiliarity with information resources as evidenced by inadequate demonstration of proper teeth brushing and flossing techniques (Wilkinson, 2005). These two diagnoses will guide the content of educational course with focus on relevant needs. Client-Centered Educational Goal Wilkinson includes goals into the nursing diagnoses for evaluation of outcomes (2005). Goals are descriptions of desired family or client actions that can be measured or directly observed (Wilkinson, 2005).Upon completion of this course parents will express knowledge of importance of proper oral hygiene, demonstrate correct brushing and flossing techniques, and identify strategies that reduce progression of caries. The following education plan is tailored to the client-centered goals with objectives that reflect clients’ needs. Le arning Objectives Rankin, Stallings, and London state that leaning objectives have to be clearly formulated, time-limited, verifiable (measurable), and attainable in order to achieve effective learning (2005).A curriculum for health professionals and child care providers by California Childcare Health Program was used in the process of objectives identification (2005). To achieve stated educational goal six objectives: two of each learning domain were formulated. Cognitive objectives: 1. After attending a class on oral hygiene (condition), parents will state (performance) the detrimental effects of snack and drinks high in sugar, and nocturnal bottle on progression of teeth decay prior to the end of class (criterion). 2.After attending a class on oral hygiene (condition), parents will state (performance) the need to assist children with brushing until age of 8 by the end of class (criterion). Affective objectives: 1. After discussing a recommended routine of oral hygiene (condition) , parents will verbalize (performance) their feelings associated with changes in the routine by the end of the class (criterion). 2. After discussing effects of sugar on tooth decay and importance of dietary modification (condition), parents will state their challenges associated with breaking he nocturnal bottle habit in their children (performance) routine by the end of the class (criterion). Ppsychomotor objectives: 1. After observing instructor perform correct brushing techniques (condition), parents and children will demonstrate a repeat demonstration (performance) routine by the end of the class (criterion). 2. After attending the class (condition), children will demonstrate â€Å"lift the lip† technique (performance), to allow their parents inspect the teeth by the end of the class (criterion). Content OutlineContent outline allows structured learning environment and provides guidance to the instructor. The content outline for oral health should include information on basic teeth anatomy, teeth eruption pattern, signs and symptoms of caries and teeth infection. The signs of infection may include gum or facial swelling on affected side, foul odor, drainage, and visible cavities and discoloration (California Childcare Health Program, 2005). The information of possible outcomes of untreated infection need to bi disclosed. Children may complain of pain and discomfort.Further, content outline should include demonstration of correct brushing techniques, both for parents and children, and information on relationship of sugar and night-time bottle to tooth decay. The session should include questions and answers section to allow parents and children validate their understanding. Active discussion is encouraged to promote disclosure of feelings associated with necessary changes. Content outline need to incorporate information on public health resources available to low income families to meet material needs. Instructional Strategies and MediaThe proposed e ducation program will take place in the day care centers in East Los Angeles, CA, 1 hour prior to the end of business day. The course will be divided into 2 parts, first focusing on dental health concepts, and the second will be devoted to the correct brushing techniques and evaluation of learning. Teaching will be conducted in group format with estimated 10-15 participants. Group format allows sharing of concepts between members and more comfortable environment (Rankin et al. , 2005). The first part will be in the lecture format, reinforced by booklets both in English and Spanish anguages. Video material and plaster model of jaws will be utilized, to demonstrate teeth anatomy. Rankin and others note that instructional videos are more effective in conjunction with practice and return demonstration (Rankin et al. , 2005). Therefore, the second part of the session will focus on demonstration of brushing strategies, different positions to assist parents with brushing, and dental produc ts. Demonstration can reinforce psychomotor objectives achievement, and lectures and videos are effective in meeting cognitive objectives (Rankin et al. , 2005).At the end, parents will be allowed to ask questions and reflect on their feelings, which will result in achievement of affective learning objectives. Instructional media listed above will include resources and materials recommended by â€Å"Promoting Children’s Oral Health: Curriculum for health professionals and child care providers† with permission of its developer – California Childcare Health Program. These include 4-minute â€Å"Lift the Lip† video on basic oral exam for parents and day care center providers, â€Å"Healthy teeth begin at birth† booklet, and the â€Å"What do you think? questionnaire to evaluate parents understanding and validate their feelings and concerns. All the materials are available in English and Spanish (California Childcare Health Program, 2005). Evaluation of Objectives and Program Evaluation Strategies To evaluate the outcomes of educational session, the lecturer will use a modified and simplified â€Å"Evaluation questionnaire† available from â€Å"Curriculum for health professionals and child care providers† to reflect both on cognitive learning, and to assess program perceived effectiveness (California Childcare Health Program, 2005).This tool includes questions with answers utilizing Likert scale to elicit feelings related to course effectiveness, and a simple test to assess knowledge. Observation of return demonstration of teeth brushing by both parents and children will serve as evaluation strategy for psychomotor objectives. Observation allows the teacher to provide feedback and corrective measures (Rankin et al. , 2005). The questions and answers session at the end of the class will assist the evaluation of achievement of both cognitive and affective objectives, by allowing participant verbalize their feelings, and validate their learning.Several open ended questions are included in the written questionnaire as well. Conclusion The oral health of children is greatly impacted by such socioeconomic variables, as their parents’ income, education, culture, prior experience, and insurance status. Preschool children from Hispanic families in state of California are at higher risk to develop dental cavities compared to the rest of the state. Basic strategies and spread of information about dental health can prevent progression of dental caries and greatly improve future quality of life in preschool children.This program will teach parents, caregivers, and children on proper teeth brushing techniques, disseminate knowledge on basic oral health concepts, and provide a list of public resources available to overcome financial barriers. References Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span. ( 7th ed. ). New York. NY: Worth Publishers. California Childcare Health Program. (2005). Bright Futures Toolbox: Health Professionals and Human Services Providers. Retrieved from National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center: http://www. ucsfchildcarehealth. org/pdfs/Curricula/oral%20health_11_v7. df National Center for Health Statistics. (2012). Health, United States, 2011: With Special Feature on. Hyattsville, MD. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www. cdc. gov/nchs/data/hus/hus11. pdf#076 Rankin, S. H. , Stallings, D. K. , & London, F. (2005). Health promotion: Models and applications to patient education. In Patient Education in Health and Illness (5 ed. , pp. 27-46). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. The Dental Health Foundation. (2000). The Oral Health of California’s Children: Halting a Neglected Epidemic.Oakland, CA: Dental Health Foundation. United States Census Bureau. (2012). State & County QuickFacts. Retrieved from United States Census: http://quickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/06/06208 02. html United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2012, August). Oral Health. Retrieved from Healthy People 2020: http://www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=32 United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Oral health in America: A report of the Surgeon General. National Institutes of Health,